The name "Italy" comes from Greek "italos", which means calf. It was originally given to the region of Calabria by Greek settlers in the 8th century BCE, and was extended to the whole peninsula under Roman emperor Augustus.
Italy was the cradle of Etruscan then Roman civilisations, and the center of the first and largest empire in Europe, North Africa and the Near East.
The city of Syracuse in Sicily was once the largest Ancient Greek city in the world.
The world's largest Christian edifice is the Basilica of Saint Peter in Rome.
Europe's only three active volcanoes, the Etna, the Stromboli and the Vesuvius, are all in the South of Italy.
Two of Europe's smallest countries, San Marino and the Vatican, are enclaved within Italy.
Italy is the fourth most visited country in the world, with some 40 million foreign visitors annually.
Italy did not become a unified country until 1863.
Italy now has one of the lowest birthrate and fertility rate in the world.
There are 15 minority languages officially recognised in Italy, including native languages such as Sardinian and Friulian, and neighbouring countries' languages (Catalan, Occitan, French, Slovenian, Croatian, Albanian and Greek)
There is evidence that some sort of pasta and pizza were already eaten in Ancient Rome. The world’s first true pizzeria, Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba, opened in Naples in 1830.
There are over 140 types of pasta (see list), and even more names. Some pasta varieties are only produced regionally, while others are known under a different name in various regions.
Each Italian consumes in average 25kg of pasta each year.
There are thousands of traditional and regional Italian desserts. However, the most famous one abroad, the tiramisù, was only invented in the 1970's. The name literally means "pick-me-up" (metaphorically, "make me happy"), due to two of its ingredients : coffee and cocoa.
Culture, History & Sciences
The European Renaissance started in Northern Italy in the 14th century.
The oldest European university in continuous operation is the University of Bologna, founded in 1088. 13 other Italian universities are over 500 years old.
Many of the world's most famous artists were Italian, with such names as Botticelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Fra Angelico, Tintoretto, Caravaggio, Bernini, Titian and Raphael, among many others.
The Italians invented the viol, violin, cello and piano, and were the greatest representative of Baroque music (Vivaldi, Corelli, Monteverdi, Albinoni...).
The mechanical clock, the barometer, the thermometer, optical glasses and the telephone are all Italian inventions.
The Romans love cats so much that they are considered a bio-cultural asset of the city. A new law condemns any person killing a cat to a 10,000 euro fine, and up to 3 years in jail. There is an estimated 300,000 cats in Rome, and they are the only inhabitants allowed on the ruins.
The catacombs of Rome are 13km long and contain some 40,000 tombs. They lie 7 to meter underground and house the oldest image of the Virgin Mary on earth (early 2nd century).
In 1994, Italian gynecologist and embryologist Severino Antinori (1945-) assisted the oldest women in history to give birth.
The oldest film festival in the world, beginning in 1932, is the Venice Film Festival.
Economy & Technology
It is estimated that Italy has the biggest "black economy" in Western Europe.
Italy has more famous fashion designers than any other country, including Gucci, Prada, Versace, Dolce & Gabbana, Giorgio Armani, Ermenegildo Zegna, Gianfranco Ferré, Salvatore Ferragamo, Roberto Cavalli, Fendi, Valentino, Trussardi, Benetton...
Many of the world's most prestigious sports cars are Italian, such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, Maserati, Bugatti or De Tomaso.
The Scuderia Ferrari is the oldest and most successful team left in the Formula One championship. As of 2006, it had won 14 Constructors' Championships and 14 Drivers' Championships since its start in F1 in 1948.
Italians around the world
Southern Italy has long been a land of emigration. There are now as many Italians living outside Italy as in Italy (about 60 million each). Italian immigrants to Western Europe, North and South America and Australia have generally adapted with great sucess. In addition to spreading Italian cuisine around the world, quite a few have become celebrities or managed to reach high positions in government, in the coroporate world. Here are a few examples :
Rudolph Valentino (USA) : Hollywood's first sex symbol and the first "Latin Lover"
Frank Sinatra (USA) : singer and actor
Al Pacino (USA) : Hollywood actor
Robert De Niro (USA) : Hollywood actor
Sylvester Stallone (USA) : Hollywood actor
John Travolta (USA) : Hollywood actor
Leonardo DiCaprio (USA) : Hollywood actor
Madonna (USA) : singer & actress
Salvatore Adamo (Belgium) : singer
Natalie Imbruglia (Australia) : singer & actress
Lara Fabian (Belgium) : singer
Quentin Tarantino (USA) : screenwriter, film director and actor
Francis Ford Coppola (USA) : movie director
Rudolph Giuliani (USA) : former mayor of New York City
Elio Di Rupo (Belgium) : Minister-President of Wallonia and president of the Francophone Socialist Party.
Sam Palmisano (USA) : chairman and CEO of IBM
Carly Fiorina (USA) : former chairman and CEO of Hewlett-Packard
Richard Grasso (USA) : former chairman and CEO of the New York Stock Exchange
Lee Iacocca (USA) : former chairman of the Chrysler Corporation
Patricia Russo (USA) : CEO of Alcatel-Lucent
Tommy Mottola (USA) : former head of Sony Music Entertainment
Mario Draghi (USA) : Former Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs International
Amadeo P. Giannini (USA) : founder in 1904 of Bank of Italy which later became Bank of America, the largest bank in the United States.
Bob Guccione (USA) : founder and former publisher of Penthouse Magazine
Leonard Riggio (USA) : owner of Barnes & Noble, the largest book retailer in the world
The Jacuzzi family. (USA) : inventors of the whirlpool bath of the same name.
Dennis Tito (USA) : the world's first space tourist
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