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Site NavigationEupedia Top > Europe Guide Top > Genetics > European mtDNA haplogroups frequency

European DNA pages:
Haplogroups description Haplogroups timeline Migration maps Y-DNA by country MtDNA by country Defining mtDNA mutations

Distribution of European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups by region in percentage

Last update : January 2010 (Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia)

Human mitochondrial DNA can be divided in genealogical groups sharing a common ancestor. These are called haplogroups. In Europe, mtDNA haplogroups cannot be easily associated with ancient ethnicities. However, they can sometimes reveal some potential medical conditions (see diseases associated with mtDNA mutations). Here is a list of defining mutations for European mtDNA haplogroups. Check this page to know more about the mtDNA testing process and how to trace your ancestry.

Note that figures are only indicative. Several sources were used and averages recalculated by merging the data available. Being approximations, numbers were rounded up to 0.5%. Frequencies inferior to 0.25% are indicated as 0%. Highest frequencies for each haplogroup are in bold. Subclades of H and U tend to be underestimated because not all samples were tested for subclade. A non-exhaustive list of the sources used for this page can be found here.

European mtDNA haplogroup chart

Region/Haplogroup
H
(H1+H3)
V
J
T
U
(U2)
(U3)
(U4)
(U5)
K
I
W
X2
Other
Albania
51.5
(6)
1
7
6.5
14.5
(0)
(0)
(5)
(8.5)
2.5
3.5
1.5
0
12
Austria
44.5
(16)
3
12
8.5
12
(1)
(1)
(4)
(7)
10.5
3.5
1
1
4
Belgium
40
6
4
10
22
(0)
(0)
(6)
(12)
13
0
1
1
3
Bosnia-Herzegovina
45
5
7.5
4.5
15.5
(1)
(0)
(4)
(6.5)
6
2
2.5
1.5
10.5
Bulgaria
38
(10)
0
10
6.5
20
(0)
(10)
(6.5)
(3.5)
13
0
0
6
6.5
Croatia
44
(25)
5
10
7.5
14
(2)
(1)
(1.5)
(10.5)
5
3
3.5
1
6.5
Czech Republic
41
(18)
3
11
11
20
(0.5)
(1.5)
(1.5)
(15)
3
1
6
0
4
Denmark
39.5
2.5
2.5
12
22
(8)
(0)
(4)
(8)
10.5
1.5
2.5
1.5
7
England
42
(6.5)
3.5
9
11
14
(0.5)
(0)
(3)
(8)
9.5
3.5
2
1.5
4
Estonia
43.5
(19)
4
10
8
24.5
(1)
(0)
(7)
(16)
2.5
1
2.5
1
3
Finland
40
(21)
6.5
5
4
25
(2)
(0)
(2.5)
(18)
3
4
8
1
3.5
France
40.5
(12)
2.5
6
11.5
18.5
(2)
(1)
(2.5)
(9.5)
8
2.5
3
1.5
6
Germany
41.5
(6)
3.5
9
11
15
(1)
(1)
(2.5)
(9.5)
9
2.5
1.5
1.5
5.5
Greece
38
(5)
0
14.5
10
11.5
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1.5)
6
2
4
4.5
9.5
Hungary
47
(35)
1
12
6
17.5
2
0.5
4
0
10
Iceland
46
(9)
1.5
11
10
15.5
(0)
(3)
(2)
(9.5)
7.5
4.5
0
1.5
2.5
Ireland
38.5
(11)
4
10
12
13
(2)
(0.5)
(2.5)
(6)
11
3
2.5
1.5
4.5
Italy
33.5
(11)
4.5
7.5
12
14
(1)
(3)
(2)
(7)
7
2
2.5
2
15
Latvia
45
3
6.5
9
23
(3)
(2)
(9)
(9)
2.5
4.5
4
0.5
2
Lithuania
46
(6)
4.5
8
10
18
(2)
(1.5)
(5)
(9.5)
2.5
4
1
1
5
Macedonia
43.5
(19)
4.5
11.5
11
13.5
(1)
(2)
(3.5)
(6)
4.5
1
3
3
4.5
Netherlands
45
(13)
8
11
14
16
(1.5)
(0)
(6.5)
(7.5)
10
2.5
2.5
0.5
0.5
Norway
42
(30)
4
12
11
16.5
(3)
(0)
(3)
(10)
6.5
2
2
1
3.5
Poland
46
(15)
5
8
11.5
16
(1)
(0.5)
(5)
(8.5)
3.5
2
3.5
1.5
3
Portugal
44.5
(26)
4
6
11
14
(2)
(5.5)
(3)
7.5
2
2
2
7
Romania
39
(10)
2
14
8
10.5
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3.5)
7
1
1
5
12.5
Russia
42
(5.5)
5
8
10
20
(1.5)
(0.5)
(6)
(12)
3
2
2
2
6
  • Adygey (N. Caucasus)
    		•
    22
    (8)
    0
    4
    14
    32
    (4)
    (14)
    (4)
    (8)
    2
    6
    0.5
    3
    15.5
  • Bashkirs (Volga-Ural)
    		•
    22
    2
    6
    3
    25.5
    (2)
    (0)
    (15)
    (7.5)
    2.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0
    28
  • Volga-Finnic
    		•
    20
    (10)
    3
    3
    12
    27
    (0)
    (0)
    (15)
    (12)
    3
    3
    0.5
    0
    28.5
    Scotland
    42.5
    (3.5)
    3.5
    14
    11.5
    13
    (1.5)
    (1)
    (2.5)
    (7)
    6.5
    5
    1
    1.5
    1.5
    Serbia
    41
    5
    7
    5
    20.5
    (1.5)
    (1)
    (7)
    (9.5)
    4.5
    3.5
    3.5
    0
    10
    Slovenia
    47
    6.5
    9.5
    6
    19
    (1)
    (2)
    (6)
    (10.5)
    4
    2
    5
    1
    0
    Spain
    54
    (28)
    5
    6
    8
    10
    (0.5)
    (0.5)
    (4)
    (5.5)
    5
    2
    2
    1
    7
    Sweden
    48
    6.5
    9.5
    12.5
    16
    (2.5)
    (0)
    (7)
    (6.5)
    3
    1.5
    1.5
    0.5
    1
    Switzerland
    36.5
    (4.5)
    3
    5
    13.5
    16.5
    (1)
    (0)
    (5.5)
    (8.5)
    10
    1.5
    0.5
    2
    11.5
    Ukraine
    39
    (12)
    5.5
    12
    7
    21
    (0)
    (1)
    (4)
    (11)
    3
    2
    2
    2.5
    6
    Wales
    43
    1.5
    9.5
    11
    10
    (0.5)
    (0.5)
    (0.5)
    (4.5)
    9.5
    6
    0
    1
    7.5


    Additional information

    The percentages of haplogroups H1, H3 and U5 is given in addition to the total for H and U. This is useful to assess the proportion of Paleolithic European (Cro-Magnon) lineages, as opposed to later arrivals.

    The "Other" category includes mostly the older haplogroups N, R, pre-HV and HV, but also occasionally a few African (L) or Asian haplogroups (A, B, C, D, M, Z).

    The largest sample sizes in this data base are Germany (n = 2610), England (n = 1577), Scotland (n = 1413), Ireland (n = 1397), France (n = 878), Italy (n = 808), Norway (n = 703), Finland (n = 580), and Iceland (n = 511). Each country has at least 100 samples.


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